Can Ginseng Kill Cancer ?

Ginseng has been used as medical remedies for centuries in Asia. China, Korea, and Japan are among Asian Countries that adore Ginseng for its ability to improve physical strength and mental wellness.

A group of researchers at SIUC led by Murphy conducted a research on American Ginseng to find possible properties that have effects on Cancer Cells. As you might already knew Ginseng has several varieties such as Asian Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, and American Ginseng. There are also not so famous Siberian Ginseng and Notoginseng.

Before she started the research, Murphy had read several studies by Korean Scientists looking at Asian Ginseng and Cancer. The Korean scientists found that Asian ginseng inhibits cancer cell proliferation in a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer. They already found the component that was responsible for this. But this component is not found in American Ginseng.

So, Murphy team focused on studying American Ginseng. Previously Murphy and her team tested the Ginseng on female rats for its possible toxicological effects if consumed in high doses and the result seemed very safe.

They then started to injected female mice with human breast cancer cells. Some of the mice had been drinking regular water for the previous two weeks while the rest had been drinking water with 1 percent ginseng extract. (The human equivalent would be 2-3 grams of ginseng per day.) This procedure was continued after the mice were injected with the cells.

After two weeks, tumors began to form on both groups of mice, it seemed that there is no difference between the group that's been treated with ginseng and the group that was drinking regular water.

But after five weeks, when the tumors are big enough to start growing their own blood supply, ginseng has an effect. At the end of the experiment, the tumors in the treated mice were 50 percent smaller than those in the untreated mice. That's quite amazing....

The test showed that ginseng could possibly have an anti angiogenesis action. Angiogenesis is tumor's ability to generate new blood vessels from the existing ones. If you imagine Cancer Cells are like rebellious army that try to destroy your body, then it's a good news if Ginseng can help reduce or even prevent your enemies' ability to expand their food supply.

The actions list of Ginseng doesn't stop there, According to the Chinese Medicine Journal’s report, the anti-tumour effects of ginsenosides include its ability to induce cell death (such as apoptosis and necrosis), and having effects of anti-proliferation, anti-invasion and metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis.

I have already explained the anti-angiogenesis action, now let's see the other actions:

Inducing cell death

Several compounds found in ginsenosides have been shown to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, neuroblastoma cells and lung adenocarcinoma cells. The induction of tumour cell death by ginsenosides may be one of the mechanisms in the elimination of tumour cells.


Anti-proliferation

Ginsenosides also have preventative effects by inhibiting the cell cycle progression. They have been shown to arrest the growth of human tumour cell lines in lung tumour cells, prostate carcinoma cells, leukuemia cells, and hepatoma (liver cancer) cells.


Anti-invasion and anti-metastasis

Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving angiogenesis and cell-cell interactions. What is metastasis anyway ? Well it's the ability of cancer cells to spread from their primary site to other places in the body. Cancer cells can break away from a primary tumour, penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and grow in a distant focus (metastasize) in normal tissues elsewhere in the body.

Scientists recently demonstrated that the invasiveness of some endometrial cancer cells (including those of the uterus) was inhibited by treating them with a certain types of ginsenosides.

The anti-invasive effects of several ginsenosides include the abilities to significantly inhibit in vitro invasion of hepatoma cells, melanoma cells, human lung carcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Ginsensodies have also been shown to inhibit lung metastasis, reduce the weight of tumours in lung, breast, gastric and melanoma cancers.

So, my conclusion is Ginseng is very beneficial for health not just for boosting physical strength or your mental wellness, it's also a good alternative therapy for cancer patients. However I still suggest you to consult your Doctor before taking action. You can give him a copy of this article or from the articles that serve as my references below.


References:
http://www.siu.edu/~perspect/01_sp/ginseng.html
http://chinesemedicinenews.com/2007/06/21/the-anatomy-of-ginseng-and-its-anti-cancer-abilities/
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/UnderstandingCancer/angiogenesis

Images sources:
http://www.cancer.gov
http://images.asia.ru/img/alibaba/photo/50290362/American_Ginseng_Extract.jpg

Notoginseng: "The Miracle Root for the Preservation of Life."

Ginseng has been used in China for thousands of years to restore energy and balance. Today, it is one of the most popular herbs in the world, but most people don't realize there are several species of ginseng which are used for a variety of specific health issues.

According to a group of scientists at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology who recently published a paper on identifying the DNA of Notoginseng, most of the plants that belong to the well-known Panax species are similar in appearance and chemical composition. Among these however, "the root of Panax Notoginseng (San Qi) is a unique herb that has distinct clinical usage." 1

Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have called notoginseng "the miracle root for the preservation of life."

Research is showing that Notoginseng exerts a number of beneficial effects on several physiological functions, including the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. It is widely used in Asia for angina, to help lower cholesterol and triglycerides, and to expand coronary arteries in order to promote blood circulation and prevent blood clots.

According to Ron Teeguarden, master herbalist and author of Radiant Health: The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs (Warner Books, 1998), Notoginseng is also considered one of the most powerful blood tonics known to man. It is used in Chinese medicine to assist coagulation of the blood, stop bleeding, and to dilate the coronary artery and increase coronary blood flow, thus providing more blood to the heart muscle. The herb also reduces cardiac load, lowers arterial pressure, and improves micro-circulation in and around damaged heart tissue.2

Notoginseng also helps protect the liver, has anti-inflammatory effects3, and produces anti-carcinogenic effects on some forms of cancer. 2,4

How Notoginseng works

The Notoginseng plant looks similar to Siberian Ginseng, and contains twelve saponins (phytochemicals) that are similar to the active ingredients in Panax Ginseng. Notoginseng is actually richer in active constituents than either Panax or American Ginseng, and it also contains immune stimulating polysacchaarides.5

In an in-vitro experiment, scientists at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University also found that one of Notoginseng's active ingredients-ginsenosides Rg1-is a potent phytoestrogen, exerting the protective actions of estrogen.6 Ginsenosides have demonstrated pharmacological effects in the central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems.

Scientific studies

Notoginseng has been found to clinically relieve chest pain associated with angina. Angina typically results from a spasm in the wall of the coronary artery that momentarily constricts the artery and cuts off the heart's blood supply. In a clinical study that reportedly took place at Wu-Han Medical College (now called Tongji Medical University) in Shanghai, China, 15 out of 16 patients with angina who were given Notoginseng experienced significant relief.7

Animal studies also suggest that Notoginseng can dilate coronary arteries and be used as an anti-anginal agent.8

Other benefits:

Notoginseng has also been shown to:

• Have anti-inflammatory and pain-killing effects in animals9
  
  
• Strengthen the immune system10,5
  
  
• Increase blood circulation in the heart and brain while lowering elevated blood pressure 11
  
  
• Reduce cell damage after heart attack, and protect nerve and brain cells from the damage of stroke12
  
  
• Prevent atherosclerosis and inhibit progression of atherosclerotic lesions13
  
  
• Lower elevated blood lipids14
  
  
• Prevent arrhythmias due to lack of oxygen to the heart15
  
  
• Enhance sperm motility, enhancing male fertility16
  
  
• Inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells17
  
  
• Protect the liver from injury18
  
  
• Possibly reverse dementia by regenerating injured brain cells19

Not your typical ginseng

High blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and high triglycerides and cholesterol, all contribute to restricted blood circulation…which leads to heart attack and stroke, the main causes of death in people over 40 years old. Millions of adults are taking one or more pharmaceuticals to regulate blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and/or to reduce platelet aggregation. But none of these drugs is without risk of side effects, and instead of actually helping a person achieve health, they tend to "control" the condition, while helping extend one's life.

Notoginseng is recognized as a potent antioxidant, which is one of the reasons it can counteract the free radical damage associated with cardiovascular disease-and really reverse the damage that has already been done-while offering protection from future problems. It also strengthens resistance to illness and acts as an anti-inflammatory, even reducing the growth of some cancers. An in-vitro study also indicates that it can even regenerate axons and dendrites in neurons, that can compensate for and repair damaged neuronal networks in the dementia brain.19

Notoginseng has been used successfully for thousands of years in China, which is where most of the scientific studies of this herb are being done. As more and more Western journals publish the results of these studies, Notoginseng will most likely become a popular supplement, like its cousins Panax and Siberian Ginseng.

In the meantime, Notoginseng has been considered "more valuable than gold" for thousands of years, and one that you can feel confident in adding to your health regimen for cardiovascular, immune and brain protection.

Caution: Notoginseng should not be used by pregnant women.

References:

1. Tsim, K.W.K., et. al. Authentication of Panax notoginseng by 5S-rRNA spacer domain and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Planta Med, 2003;69(6):584-586).
   
   
2. Teeguarden, Ron. Radiant Health: The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs. Warner Books, NY, 1998, pp. 171-173.
   
   
3. Li SH, Chu Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Jun; 20(6): 551-4.
   Abstract
   
   
4. Konoshima T, Takasaki M, Tokuda H.Anti-carcinogenic activity of the roots of Panax notoginseng. II. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Oct; 22(10): 1150-2.
   Abstract
   
   
5. Gao H, Wang F, Lien EJ, Trousdale MD, Immunostimulating polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Pharm Res. 1996 Aug:13(8): 1196-200.
   Abstract
   
   
6. Chan RY, Chen WF, Dong A, Guo D, Wong MS. Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panax notoginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug; 87(8): 3691-5.
   Abstract
   
   
7. Bensky, D, Gamble, A. Chinese Materia Medica. Seattle: Eastland Press, 1986.
   
   
8. Lei XL, Chiou GC. Cardiovascular pharmacology of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Am J Chin Med. 1986; 14(3-4): 145-52.
   Abstract
   
   
9. Wang, Y.L. et al. Effects and mechanism of total saponins of Panax Notoginseng on anti-inflammation and analgesia. Chung Kuo Chung His I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih. 14:35-36, 5-6.
   Abstract
   
   
10. Li XY. Immunomodulating Chinese herbal medicines. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1991; 86 Suppl 2: 159-64.
    Abstract
    
    
11. Hu, Y. et al. Effects of artificial cultured Panax notoginseng cell on cardiovascular system. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih. (June, 1992) 17:361-363, 384.
    Abstract
    
    
12. Jiang KY, Qian ZN. Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on posthypoxic cell damage of neurons in vitro. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1995 Sep; 16(5): 399-402.
    Abstract
    
    
13. Lin SG, Zheng XL, Chen QY, Sun JJ. Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on increased proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated by hypercholesterolemic serum. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1993 Jul; 14(4): 314-6.
    Abstract
    
    
14. Cicero AF, Vitale G, Savino G, Arletti R. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) effects on fibrinogen and lipid plasma level in rats fed on a high-fat diet. Phytother Res. 2003 Feb; 17(2): 174-8.
    Abstract
    
    
15. Chan P, Thomas GN, Tomlinson B. Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Dec; 23(12): 1157-62.
    Abstract
    
    
16. Chen J, Xu M, Chen L, et al. Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on sperm motility. Phytomedicine 1998; 5(4) 289-292.
    
    
17. Chung VQ, Tattersall M, Cheung HT. Interactions of a herbal combination that inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 17.
    Abstract
    
    
18. Yoshikawa M, Morikawa T, Kashima Y, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H. Structures of new dammarane-type Triterpene Saponins from the flower buds of Panax notoginseng and hepatoprotective effects of principal Ginseng Saponins. J Nat Prod. 2003 Jul; 66(7): 922-7.
    Abstract
    
    
19. Tohda C, Matsumoto N, Zou K, Meselhy MR, Komatsu K. Axonal and dendritic extension by protopanaxadiol-type saponins from ginseng drugs in SK-N-SH cells. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov; 90(3): 254-62.
    Abstract

Content source:
http://www.smart-publications.com/life_extension/notoginseng.php

Image sources:
http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/systematik/7_bilder/coolpix/03040605.jpg

Chinese Ginseng

Scientific Name: Panax Ginseng

Other Names: Asian Ginseng, Ginseng, Panax, Guigai, Japanese Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Ninjin, Oriental Ginseng, Panax schinseng, Red Ginseng, Seng

NOTE: Panax ginseng is different from American ginseng and Eleuthero (formerly called Siberian ginseng). They are not interchangeable.

Ginsengs are best known as "adaptogens", which are substances that may help individuals cope with physical and emotional stress. As a part of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, Panax ginseng has been used to treat almost every possible ailment from anxiety to cancer. Currently, it is used extensively in Oriental countries as an everyday tonic to maintain overall health as well as to treat several illnesses, including heart conditions.

In Western herbal medicine, Panax ginseng's possible ability to regulate the immune system has been studied for potential effectiveness in preventing colds, flu, and some forms of cancer. In clinical studies, Panax ginseng has been shown to lower blood levels of both sugar and cholesterol. Therefore, it may help treat type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol. Its other potential uses are not as well defined, however. In separate studies of laboratory animals and humans, Panax ginseng showed a relaxing effect on muscles in the lungs. The resulting airway expansion may help to relieve asthma symptoms and other lung conditions that result from constricted airways. In other studies, a combination of Panax ginseng and gingko is believed to have boosted memory and thinking processes. Early results from laboratory study may show that chemicals in orally dosed Panax ginseng promote the growth of blood vessels, which could be valuable in treating extensive injuries. All of these possible effects continue to be studied.

When it is applied to the skin, Panax ginseng may increase the production of both collagen and blood vessels. Collagen is a protein that makes up most of the connective tissues that support skin. Because collagen production generally decreases as individuals get older, collagen supplementation may prevent or improve signs of aging such as wrinkles and age lines. Topical Panax ginseng creams and lotions are also used to treat acne scars and skin wounds. Additionally, Rg1 and other chemicals in Panax ginseng seem to promote angiogenesis--the growth of new blood vessels when taken by mouth. While angiogenesis allows tumors to spread, it also helps wounds to heal and restores blood flow to injured tissue.

Both topical and oral forms of Panax ginseng are used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. One large study also found that taking Panax ginseng orally improved male fertility by increasing numbers, quality, and movement of sperm. Although the exact reasons that Panax ginseng may enhance male fertility are not completely known, chemicals in Panax ginseng are believed to activate the body system that increases production of certain hormones. Whether Panax ginseng increases testosterone levels in the blood is uncertain, however. Nevertheless, due to proposed hormonal activation, Panax ginseng frequently is added to sports drinks or supplements as a way to enhance athletic performance, even though no evidence supports this use.

Through the same activation of hormone production, chemicals in Panax ginseng are thought to exert an effect similar to the female hormone, estrogen. In some laboratory studies, Panax ginseng accelerated the growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells, perhaps by activating estrogen receptors. Other laboratory and animal studies suggest that Panax ginseng may increase blood levels of substances that the body converts into estrogen. Results of a recent chemical analysis show that some of Panax ginseng's possible estrogenic effects may be due to a fungus that frequently contaminates Panax ginseng roots. Whether Panax ginseng can help to relieve menopause symptoms and conditions worsened by low estrogen levels is not yet known. Much more research is needed to understand more clearly Panax ginseng's possible estrogen-like effects.

When should I be careful taking it?
An intoxication-like syndrome has been seen in a few newborn babies who were given Panax ginseng or whose mothers took it while pregnant or breast-feeding. One documented case of an infant's death which was attributed to Panax ginseng intoxication has been reported. Small children and babies should not be given Panax ginseng; pregnant and breast-feeding women should also avoid taking it.

Women with hormone-dependent conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and cancers of the breast, ovaries, or uterus should not take Panax ginseng due to its possible estrogenic effects. Men with prostate cancer should also avoid taking Panax ginseng.

In clinical studies of both humans and animals, Panax ginseng has slowed the rate and decreased the force of heartbeats. It has also reduced blood pressure in some cases. All of these effects may worsen some heart conditions. Individuals with any kind of heart disease should not take Panax ginseng without supervision from a healthcare professional.

Precautions
Individuals with diabetes should avoid taking large amounts of Panax ginseng because it can lower blood sugar levels, potentially resulting in hypoglycemia (blood sugar that is too low). Indications that blood sugar may be too low include shakiness, sweating, confusion, distorted speech, and loss of muscle control. If not corrected, low blood sugar can lead to unconsciousness and even death.

Taking Panax ginseng by mouth may cause or worsen insomnia.

Occasionally, Panax ginseng roots harvested from wild plants are contaminated with potentially dangerous molds. If whole Panax ginseng root is purchased, it should be clean, firm, and mold-free. Commercial Panax ginseng products should be made from cultivated root, which has not been found to contain molds.

Ginseng Boosts Memory Function After Stroke

Laurie Barclay, MD

Ginseng may help improve memory in patients with mild dementia following a stroke, according to the results of a randomized pilot study reported at the American Stroke Association's 28th International Stroke Conference. However, larger, controlled trials are needed to evaluate safety and efficacy.

"Chinese ginseng has been used for centuries in China to treat disease and aging," lead author Jinzhou Tian, MD, from Beijing University in China, says in a news release. "However, the effects of Chinese ginseng compound on mild and moderate dementia after stroke in humans have not been reported until now."

Chinese ginseng strikingly improves learning and memory following transient cerebral ischemia in rats. It increases the activity of brain acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase in aged mice, while reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

In this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with mild and moderate dementia after ischemic stroke (26 men and 14 women) received one tablet of compound Chinese ginseng (n = 25) or one 40-mg tablet of almitrine + raubasine (n = 15), three times daily for 12 weeks. The ginseng compound was extracted from Chinese ginseng roots, leaves, and panax notoginseng. The combination of almitrine and raubasine is thought to increase oxygenation in brain tissue.

After treatment with Chinese ginseng, mean scores on the HVLT and total memory scores increased significantly (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). Improvements in episodic memory function assessing immediate and delayed story recall, delayed word recall, verbal learning and verbal recognition, and visual recognition were greater in the ginseng group than in the almitrine + raubasine group. "There is currently great interest in studying herbs used in traditional forms of medicines, and the problem of dementia after stroke is a significant one," says Robert J. Adams, MD, chairman of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. "This work showing that ginseng may improve memory after stroke needs to be further studied, with larger sample sizes. A placebo-controlled study would also be the next step. At this time, a recommendation to use this herb for memory enhancement would be premature." 28th International Stroke Conference: Abstract P327. Presented Feb. 14, 2003. Reviewed by Gary D. Vogin, MD

Content source:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/449456

Image source:
http://www.peaceinspire.com/2007/08/20/computer-memory/

Siberian Ginseng

What Is It?

Famed as an energy tonic in China since ancient times, Siberian ginseng only gained recognition in the West in the 1950s, when a Russian scientist (I. I. Brekhman) reported its notable stress-repelling powers. Healthy men and women taking the Herb were found to better endure physical strain, resist disease, and perform tests of mental sharpness.

Today, Westerners are perhaps most familiar with the plant's botanical cousin Panax ginseng, but Siberian ginseng's apparent ability to fight fatigue and alleviate myriad ailments has earned it an enthusiastic following. Many people use it the way traditional Chinese healers do--to reinforce the body's vital energy (what the Chinese call qi). Others take it to enhance memory and ward off colds and flu. In Russia, millions of people use the herb as a general tonic.

Also known as eleuthero, supplements of the herb are made from the dried root of Eleutherococcus senticosus, a plant indigenous to China, Japan, Korea, and Siberia.


Health Benefits
Siberian ginseng contains remarkable compounds that favorably affect the adrenal glands, the small glands that rest atop the kidneys and secrete stress-fighting hormones. Taking the herb is believed to boost the body's capacity to handle physical stresses ranging from heat exposure to extreme exertion. Resistance to disease increases as well. So does one's overall energy level.

Specifically, Siberian ginseng may help to:

• Prevent stress-related illnesses. Several studies have shown that Siberian ginseng can increase a person's resistance to physical stresses. In a series of landmark Russian studies in the 1960s, 2,100 healthy adults (19 to 72 years old) given Siberian ginseng were shown to better handle stressful conditions. Specifically, they experienced an increased ability to perform physical labor, withstand motion sickness, and work with speed and precision despite being surrounded by noise. They could also proofread documents more accurately and more readily adapt to such physical stresses such as heat, high altitudes, and low-oxygen environments. Siberian ginseng may also help boost people’s immunity if their immune systems are already compromised. A study on women undergoing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer found that in the 4 weeks after chemo treatment various measures of cellular immunity were improved (1). These results are far from conclusive, but they may some day offer hope to those battling the effects of chemotherapy.
• Relieve chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia. Because Siberian ginseng bolsters the adrenal glands, it's worth trying to relieve the exhaustion and muscle pain associated with these energy-depleting conditions. A study of 96 chronic fatigue sufferers found that Siberian ginseng may be efficacious for people suffering from moderate CFS (2).
• Combat fatigue and restore energy. Siberian ginseng is popular for invigorating and fortifying the body. It appears to boost energy levels in people suffering from acute or constant exhaustion (3). Those recovering from an illness or weary from a heavy work schedule may also benefit from its energy-boosting and immune-enhancing powers. For otherwise healthy individuals--even athletes--the story is a little different, however. In one study, 20 highly trained distance runners given Siberian ginseng failed to outperform similarly conditioned runners given a Placebo when both groups raced against each other on treadmills. Not only did the Siberian ginseng-taking runners run no faster, they didn't run for longer either. Overall, the evidence for Siberian ginseng positively effecting exercise endurance is weak (4). The majority of studies on this topic have shown mixed results and very few are large enough or of a high enough quality to prove or disprove benefit (5, 6). More research is necessary before this herb can be recommended as a first line treatment for strength or distance training improvement.
• Increase male and female fertility and reduce male impotence. By supporting healthy uterine function, Siberian ginseng may be useful in preventing female infertility. Males may experience an increased sperm count (rotate it with Panax ginseng for this purpose) (7). Animal studies indicate that the herb can even boost testosterone levels and thus help reverse certain cases of male impotence.
• Relieve menstrual disorders and menopausal symptoms. Siberian ginseng may positively affect Hormone levels and tone the large uterine muscle. These properties make it potentially valuable for easing certain menstrual difficulties and menopausal symptoms.
• Treat Alzheimer's disease. Siberian ginseng may increase mental alertness, particularly in the early stages of this progressive disorder. The herb's ability to boost the transmission of nerve impulses may also enhance memory. A recent small randomized controlled study found that some aspects of mental and social functioning in the elderly improved after treatment with ginseng after only four weeks (8). This study also suggests that these benefits may attenuate with time, so further research will be needed to determine if this effect is true in larger populations.
• Combat free-radical damage and some forms of cancer. Scientists have been able to show that Siberian ginseng has a cytotoxic (cell killing) effect on some cancer cell lines in laboratory studies (9). These preliminary results still need to be investigated in animal and human models, so the chances of seeing Siberian ginseng be touted as a effective cancer treatment is still years away.
• Increase resistance to colds and flu. Historically, the Chinese have found Siberian ginseng to be effective in suppressing colds and flu. The herb's immune-enhancing powers may play a role. Recent studies have found that herbal preparations including Siberian ginseng is a helpful adjunctive treatment to conventional therapies for upper respiratory tract infections (10). Other studies have also shown it to benefit sinusitis (11).

Note: Siberian ginseng has also been found to be useful for a number of other disorders. For information on these additional ailments, see our Dosage Recommendations Chart for Siberian Ginseng.


Forms

• Tincture
• tablet
• softgel
• powder
• dried herb/tea
• capsule

Dosage Information
Special tip:

• Buy Siberian ginseng extracts from a company with a reputation for quality. Products should be standardized to contain at least 0.8% eleutherosides (the active ingredients).
• For stress: Take 100 to 200 mg three times a day. Special "adrenal gland" formulas now on the market commonly contain Siberian ginseng in combination with licorice, pantothenic acid, and other stress-fighting ingredients.
• For fatigue (and chronic fatigue syndrome), female infertility, Alzheimer's disease, fibromyalgia, and the majority of other conditions mentioned: Take 100 to 300 mg twice a day for 60 to 90 days, and then take a seven-day break before resuming treatment.
• For male infertility and impotence: Take l00 to 300 mg twice a day. For infertility, rotate every three weeks with 100 to 250 mg Panax ginseng standardized to contain 7% ginsenosides (the active ingredient). For impotence, rotate every two weeks.
• For colds and flu: Take 300 mg twice a day for seven to 10 days.
• Be sure to check out our Dosage Recommendations Chart for Siberian ginseng, which has therapeutic dosages for specific ailments at a glance.

Guidelines for Use

• To give your body a rest, take a one- to two-week pause from your Siberian ginseng regimen every three months. (Or ask your doctor about rotating it with other herbs.)
• To avoid possible restlessness, don't take Siberian ginseng within an hour of bedtime.

General Interaction
If taking high blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), do not take Siberian ginseng. It should not be taken by people who have Hypertension.

Note: For information on interactions with specific generic drugs, see our WholeHealthMD Drug/Nutrient Interactions Chart.


Possible Side Effects

• Siberian ginseng is very safe at recommended doses, even for long-term use.
• In rare instances, mild diarrhea may occur.
• At very high doses (900 mg daily and higher) insomnia, nervousness, irritability, and anxiety have been reported.

Cautions

• Avoid Siberian ginseng if you have high blood pressure.
• Don't take Siberian ginseng while menstruating. Stop taking it if you become pregnant.

References

1. Kormosh N, Laktionov K, Antoshechkina M. Effect of a combination of Extract from several plants on Cell-mediated and humoral immunity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Phytother Res. 2006 May;20(5):424-5.

2.Hartz AJ, Bentler S, Noyes R, Hoehns J, Logemann C, Sinift S, Butani Y, Wang W, Brake K, Ernst M, Kautzman H. Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychol Med.2004 Jan;34(1):51-61.

3. Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2005 Oct;19(10):819-38.

4.Goulet ED, Dionne IJ. Assessment of the effects of eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Feb;15(1):75-83.

5. Gaffney BT, Hugel HM, Rich PA. The effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng on steroidal hormone indices of stress and lymphocyte subset numbers in endurance athletes. Life Sci. 2001 Dec 14;70(4):431-42.

6. Bucci LR. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):624S-36S.

7. Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, Paolini P, De Nuccio I, Pepe M, Re M. Effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer saponins on male fertility. Panminerva Med. 1996 Dec;38(4):249-54.

8. Cicero AF, Derosa G, Brillante R, Bernardi R, Nascetti S, Gaddi A. Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim.) on elderly quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl. 2004;(9):69-73.

9. Yu CY, Kim SH, Lim JD, Kim MJ, Chung IM. Intraspecific relationship analysis by DNA markers and in vitro cytotoxic and Antioxidant activity in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Apr;17(2):229-36.

10. Narimanian M, Badalyan M, Panosyan V, Gabrielyan E, Panossian A, Wikman G, Wagner H. Randomized trial of a fixed combination (KanJang) of herbal extracts containing Adhatoda vasica, Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. Phytomedicine. 2005 Aug;12(8):539-47.

11. Gabrielian ES, Shukarian AK, Goukasova GI, Chandanian GL, Panossian AG, Wikman G, Wagner H. A double blind, placebo-controlled study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis. Phytomedicine. 2002 Oct;9(7):589-97.

Drug/Nutrient Interactions
View Drug Interactions


Date Published: 4/20/2005
Date Reviewed: 1/8/2007

Content source:
http://www.wholehealthmd.com

Image source:
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Healing Power of Ginseng in the Treatment of Epilepsy

Ginseng is the most famous rejuvenator. It detoxifies the blood, feeds and stimulates the brain, nervous system, aids digestion, improves metabolism, normalizes glucose levels in the blood, help on assimilation of vitamins and minerals and helps in improving fertility in men.

Saponius in Asian Ginseng protects the liver cells from damage when exposed to toxic chemicals. Ginseng also has beneficial effects on cellular growth, ginseng stimulate DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), protein and lipid synthesis. The stimulating effect of ginseng on the cells, glands and organs will only be up to normal, ginseng doesn't have an over stimulation effect.

The effect of ginseng in the treatment of epilepsy is not immediate, but continuous and prolonged use bring a complete cure.

A case I've read was a young kid age 10 who had his first attack(idiopathic type of epilepsy) at age 9mos. EEG examination was positive. He was given conventional drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy like Phenobarbital. Seizure still recurred daily, twice or once a week. Ginseng was given as supplement at the age of 4years at a dose of 100mg. (North Korean ginseng processed by modern methods. The North Korean ginseng is claimed to be the best variety) and attacks were lessened, both in intensity and frequency after one year of intake. At age 6 and 7months, convulsions disappeared completely. After a year without attacks EEG became normal. All medications were discontinued except ginseng. It was believed recovery would have been faster if the dosage is increased as the child grew.

The cure was due to the rejuvenation of the brain cells. There is also proper formation of acetylcholine and cholinesterase. Acetylcholine stimulates the nerve cell to generate small electric charge which is transmitted to the next cell carrying messages back and forth from the brain. Cholinesterase, enables the nerve cell to recuperate and recharge itself. Thus promotes the normal formation and transmission of impulses.

There are also many instances were seizures stopped completely when only ginseng was given. No conventional drugs were used in the treatment of their epilepsy.

There is no available drug that can bring about cure in epilepsy. The drugs that are being used such as Phenobarbital,phenytoin,carbamazephine , etc. are only used to diminish the intensity, duration and frequency of attacks.

Adults with epilepsy may take 400mg to 600mg of North Korean ginseng processed by modern methods, or you can follow the dosage of the product you purchase.


Ginseng may be given as a treatment in all types of disease especially those that are known to be incurable by modern medicine. It has no contraindications.

Don't take ginseng with Vitamin C or fruit juices(citrus juices especially). Vitamin C destroy ginseng. Take your Vit C 4hours after you have taken ginseng.

Another good variety is the Panax Ginseng, there is a case, my sisters' patient who has myoma, she drink panax ginseng religiously for 5months until one day when she went to the bathroom to pee, she felt a sudden pain in her lower abdomen, a block of red thing came out of her... when she had it checked in the hospital the Doctor said it was her cyst, she was cured by just drinking panax ginseng everyday for months.

Taking Ginseng with Chia Dorada(Golden Sage) helps to prevent rheumatism, neuralgia, hemorrhages, improves teeth. It helps in the prevention of spasms and chills, colds and pleurisy. It is also found beneficial against migraines and headaches.

Royal Jelly and Ginseng is one of the most energizing and vitalizing combination, given that the nutritional values in each stimulate brain and nervous function and provide the muscles with vital energy. Both products work as adapters, that is they help the body obtain stability in moments of stress and nervous tension.

Content and image source:
http://hubpages.com/hub/Healing_Power_of_Ginseng_in_the_Treatment_of_Epilepsy

Scientists Cite Red Ginseng Helps Fight Liver Diseases

Scientists have cited significant reports on the efficacy of red ginseng, a potent medicinal herb found in Korea, to prevent liver diseases and various ailments.

A Japanese researcher, Professor Oura of Toyoma University, said when Korean Red Ginseng was administered to rabbits with two thirds partial hepatectomy, the rate of liver regeneration was more than 34 percent higher than that of the untreated ones. Oura explained that the effective components of protein synthesis is the stimulating factor that prevents or fights liver diseases. He attributed an element called "prostitol" found in red ginseng as a potent and effective factor in combating liver diseases. He said, " Majority of liver disorders are virus type hepatitis. In particular, B type hepatitis is the most well known. If this becomes chronic, then it becomes hepatitic in duration and may advance further to become liver cancer".

Other effects of red ginseng was cited by a Russian scientist Dr. Brekhman, in his book "Adaptogen Theory". It said the basic effect of red ginseng is its capacity to increase resistance to various adverse factors such as stress and other ailments. "The body has a homeostasis mechanism to maintain a constant equilibrium and the medical substances which help maintain homeostasis named "adaptogens" and that adaptogenic activity is the reality of the tonic effect of ginseng", said Brekhman.

In his study, Berkham explained that ginseng helps reduce stress, increases stamina, and strengthen good physical condition. It also helps in the formation of red blood cells and is responsible in fighting anemia and hypertension. He emphasized , however, that the most effective is red ginseng found in Korea, as confirmed by researches of scientists around the world.

Content source:
http://blog.worldvillage.com/health/scientists_cite_red_ginseng_helps_fight_liver_diseases.html

Root to Koreans Health

www.chinaview.cn 2008-06-18 10:00:35

BEIJING, June 18 -- A saying goes, ginseng helps South Korean football players perform the best in Asia. The turnip-like plant is deeply rooted in the daily lives of Korean people. They worship it, plant it, and make ginseng into various products.

During a recent trip to South Korea I witnessed the power of this magic plant.

As we drive along the Geumsan highway in southwestern South Korea, all I see are black shelters - everywhere. They are scattered among rice fields and at the foot of the small hills. With rooftops tilted away from the rising sun in the west, the shelters form a stark contrast with their lush green surroundings.

"They are ginseng fields," says Kim Jihyun, a tour guide from the Korea Tourism Organization. "We Koreans started to eat ginseng when we were young."

"Wooooh, won't your nose bleed?" I ask. In my mind, only weak people or those in recovery from major surgery are sometimes encouraged to take slices of ginseng - but not too much. Otherwise, it may cause side effects, which can sometimes be fatal even though ginseng is believed to be a medicine and tonic for long life.

"Not really, you must be thinking of wild ginseng," Kim says. "The cultivated ginseng here is mild and healthy," she adds.

Koreans began growing ginseng some 1,500 years ago. According to legend, a young man surnamed Jiang was filial to his mother. He was so distraught when his mother was dying that he began praying every day. One day he had a dream where a white-bearded divine told him to find a plant in the forest in the mountain. The higher power told him the root would be able to save his mother.

The next day he trekked to the mountain and discovered the plant. He boiled the root and gave it to his mother. His mother's condition began improving after drinking the water. So, the young man began to grow the plant. And, others followed suit. They soon adored the plant for its magic power and the symbolic gesture it symbolized of a son's love for his mother.

"Growing ginseng needs patience," says Lee Ok-Hee, a woman in her late 50s. She and her husband Kim Sam Bea have more than a hectare of ginseng. "The cost is also huge, so is the risk," she says. "It usually takes six years to get the best roots. After the harvest, the land has to rest for four years before another planting. If any natural disaster were to come, it would all be lost."

Lee and her husband have been growing ginseng for 30 years. Lee says she takes care of the plants every day.

"I treat them like my children," she says. It's said the plant is very smart, and is able to recognize the footfall of its owners. Ginseng is very picky with its growing environment - not too much noise, not too hot, not too cold, not too wet and not too dry."

Kim Sam Bea digs out a ginseng plant from his field. The green leaves are oval shaped, and each consists of five leaflets. The fleshy root is about 40 cm long and slender, resembling the shape of a human body with two legs.

"This is a four-year-old plant," Lee says. "We will wait for another two years to get the best ones."

She says she expects to get 75,000 grams of ginseng from her 1,000-sq-m field.

The total ginsenoside content of a six-year-old root varies between 0.7 and 3 percent.

According to Lee, 85 percent of her 50 neighbors in Hongtao village grow ginseng. The rest harvest rice and strawberries.



The Kim family also owns a workshop, where they process and make red ginseng.

Every five days in Geumsan, there is a trading fair, where people trade ginseng for cash.

"The mini-van of the local bank park just by the market waiting for loading money," Kim says. "The daily income reaches $507,000."

In early September every year, there is also a ginseng festival held in Geumsan. During the 10-day festival, there are all kinds of ginseng on sale, including fresh, white and red ginseng. There are also various ginseng products, including ginseng candies and wines.

"People here are quite rich," she says. "They also live longer because they benefit from the smell of ginseng."

The most popular dishes in South Korea contain ginseng. In Geumsan alone, there are regular courses in local communities that teach housewives how to make ginseng salad and fried ginseng dishes.

Small restaurants offer very good samgyetang (young chicken soup with ginseng). In South Korea samgyetang is an invigorating food, which is traditionally eaten in the summer. It is essentially glutinous rice, garlic, dried jujube, and fresh ginseng - all stuffed inside a young chicken. The chicken is then tied up with strings before its completed boiled into a broth.

I take a spoonful of soup. I have to say, I'm not quite used to the bitter taste.

But, I want to bring some kind of ginseng back home with me to China. So, I grab a few ginseng candies and chocolates. I pop one of the succulent sweets in my mouth - and then head on my way.

(Source: China Daily)

Editor: An Lu

Content and image source:
http://news.xinhuanet.com

Excel Power Pro Ginseng

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"After taking Excel Power Pro Ginseng, I have increased energy and stamina. I have taken other Ginseng products and would recommend these products over the others available on the market to anyone who wants the best!"
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"The greatest change I've noticed since taking Ginseng is my energy level during the day. I used to get tired by lunch time. Now, I don't even need to stop to take lunch. I could work through the entire day. I feel rested and rejuvenated in the morning instead of feeling tired."
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"I am diabetic and I have noticed a dramatic change in being able to regulate my blood sugar levels while taking Excel Power Pro Ginseng. It gives me increased energy and really makes me feel good all day."
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Find out Excel Power Pro Ginseng here

Content and image source:
http://www.hersheyintl.com/ginseng_benefits.html

The Greatest GInseng on Earth

How can I choose the best ginseng?

Many ginseng brands look temptingly similar in their packaging to genuine IL HWA Ginseng, yet there is no comparison. They contain unwanted ingredients such as sugar, various other cheaper herbs, even caffeine and alcohol. IL HWA's Ginseng roots are harvested only when they are mature. The process used to extract all of the active ingredients in a low heat process patented by the company. No wonder the Korean government gives IL HWA Ginseng it's highest four star rating. Click here to see what scientific research has discovered about IL HWA Ginseng's effectiveness in dealing with many physical ailments.

There are four primary elements determining the quality of ginseng.

1. Is it matured ginseng?
Don't be fooled by labels. Terms such as "pure", "genuine", "standardized", etc., don't mean anything unless the product has been made from the root of a mature ginseng plant, grown under proper conditions and processed correctly. All IL HWA ginseng products are made from only four to six year old ginseng roots. IL HWA has revolutionized the technology to maintain a strict quality standard and guarantee ingredient quality.

2. How about Germanium?
Every cell and organ of the body is affected when the blood contains impurities. Scientists have found that most organic detoxifiers contains the element GERMANIUM. The higher the amount of Germanium, the quicker the blood return to a healthy state. As the above chart shows, Korean Ginseng contains the highest amount of organically chelated GERMANIUM of all the organic detoxifers.

3.How about Saponin distribution?

4.Does the product have lots of satisfied users who have dramatically reversed their conditions?

Click here for our testimonials.

What is in Ginseng?

Modern research studies around the world are investigating the effects of ginseng. Ginseng is not a medicine or a drug. It is a natural food which contains more than thirty active ingredients working synergistically to produce ginseng's many health benefits. This means that its power lies not in any one ingredient but in the working combination of its many constituents. Although ginseng is rich in germanium, calcium, magnesium, iron and B vitamins, the ingredients commonly thought to be most responsible for ginseng's adaptogenic properties are called ginsenosides (saponins). They are found in mature Korean Panax ginseng to a far larger degree than in other forms of ginseng.

You can see why KOREAN PANAX GINSENG is so valuable as a cleansing agent for the blood and thereby relieving stress to the organs. For some people, ulcers will be cleared up; for others, psoriasis or sinus problems will be alleviated. This is easy to comprehend when one knows the fact that illness stems from excess toxins. KOREAN GINSENG of sufficient strength, taken over a period of time, will be very helpful in detoxifying you.

Effects of Ginseng

Purifies the blood of toxins

Lowers "Bad" Cholesterol (LDL)

Increases "Good" Cholesterol (HDL)

Lowers high blood sugar

Prevents cellular damage from oxidation

Improves nerve growth, nerve transmission and mental function

Increases production of red blood cells

Lowers high blood pressure

Normalizes stress conditions caused by heat, cold & abnormal physical exertion

Stimulates digestion

Increases physical stamina

Strengthens the immune system

Click here to read more


Content and image source:
http://www.hsu.com/ginseng.htm

Ginseng and Sports Performance

Ginseng has proven to regulate the basal metabolic rate and increase the breakdown and metabolism of foods. Improved metabolism can increase energy level and remove more waste products in the body.

Studies have shown that the athletes were using oxygen much more efficiently after taking ginseng. They were also able to return to normal physiologic conditions much quicker. In addition, ginseng is reducing stress to the entire body system and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.

Athletes agree that ginseng reportedly helps them to build strength and endurance, and helps them overcome the strain and drain of exercise. Ginseng causes a more economical use of energy and athletes, joggers, runners, and people from all walks of life who work hard and play hard are experiencing its benefits.

Content and image source:
http://www.chinese-herbs.org

Ginseng and Cancer Treatment

Ginseng is an effective adaptogen and can protect the body from the stress of drug and radiation therapy. The stress normally caused by therapies can lead to secondary growths of cancer. Studies have shown, that patients taking ginseng daily could better cope with anti-cancer drugs and therapies.

Ginseng has shown cancer-preventive effects as well and may reduce the risk of some types of cancer. Studies have found that people taking ginseng were approximately 70% less likely to develop cancer compare to others and the more ginseng they consumed, the lower the risk of developing cancer was.

According to studies performed at the Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, South Korea; especially in combination with vitamins A, C and E ginseng helps greatly reduce the risk of cancer caused by smoking.

During daily supplementation of antioxidants and ginseng in this research (200 IU vitamin of E, 9 mg of beta-carotene, 500 mg of vitamin C, or 1.8 g of red ginseng) for 4 weeks, the smokers antioxidant concentrations were found to significantly increase, compared with those supplemented with a placebo tablet. This data suggests that supplementation with antioxidants might protect smokers from oxidative damages and could reduce cancer risk or other diseases caused by free radicals associated with smoking.

Content and image source:
http://www.chinese-herbs.org

Benefits of Ginseng

Ginseng has been used for thousands of years to improve the overall health of human being. In the first Chinese book of herbs, the Pen Tsao Ching (The Classic of Herbs), written by the famous Emperor Shen Nung, to whom the discovery of tea was attributed, Ginseng was recommended for enlightening the mind and increasing wisdom. Ginseng was taken as a tonic for the whole body, and believed to cure lethargy, arthritis, impotence, senility, and many other conditions.

In terms of modern scientific research, ginseng is known to be an adaptogen. Adaptogens are substances that assist the body to restore itself to health and work without side effects even if the recommended dose is widely exceeded. Ginseng due to its adaptogens effects is widely used to lower cholesterol, increase energy and endurance, reduce fatique and effects of stress and prevent infections.

Ginseng appears to help people with diabetes. A limited study performed in March 2000 at the University of Toronto showed that ginseng could lower blood sugar 20% more than placebo.

Ginseng is one of the most effective anti-aging supplements. It can alleviate some major effects of aging, such as degeneration of the blood system, and increase mental and physical capacity.

Other important benefits of ginseng is its support in cancer treatment and its effects on sports performance.

Asian Ginseng

Introduction

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herbA plant or part of a plant used for its flavor, scent, or potential therapeutic properties. Includes flowers, leaves, bark, fruit, seeds, stems, and roots. Asian ginseng—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Asian ginseng is native to China and Korea and has been used in various systems of medicine for many centuries. Asian ginseng is one of several types of true ginseng (another is American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius). An herb called Siberian ginseng or eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is not a true ginseng.

Common Names—Asian ginseng, ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, Asiatic ginseng

Latin Name—Panax ginseng

What It Is Used For
Treatment claims for Asian ginseng are numerous and include the use of the herb to support overall health and boost the immune system. Traditional and modern uses of ginseng include:

• Improving the health of people recovering from illness
• Increasing a sense of well-being and stamina, and improving both mental and physical performance
• Treating erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, and symptoms related to menopause
• Lowering blood glucose and controlling blood pressure

How It Is Used
The root of Asian ginseng contains active chemical components called ginsenosides (or panaxosides) that are thought to be responsible for the herb's medicinal properties. The root is dried and used to make tablets or capsules, extracts, and teas, as well as creams or other preparations for external use.

What the Science Says

• Some studies have shown that Asian ginseng may lower blood glucose. Other studies indicate possible beneficial effects on immune function.
• To date, research results on Asian ginseng are not conclusive enough to prove health claims associated with the herb. Only a handful of large clinical trials on Asian ginseng have been conducted. Most studies have been small or have had flaws in design and reporting. Some claims for health benefits have been based only on studies conducted in animals.
• NCCAM supports studies to better understand the use of Asian ginseng. Areas of recent NCCAM-funded research include Asian ginseng's interactions with other herbs and drugs and the herb's potential to treat chronic lung infection, impaired glucose tolerance, and Alzheimer's disease.

Side Effects and Cautions

• When taken by mouth, ginseng is usually well tolerated. Some sources suggest that its use be limited to 3 months because of concerns about the development of side effects.
• The most common side effects are headaches and sleep and gastrointestinal problems.
• Asian ginseng can cause allergic reactions.
• There have been reports of breast tenderness, menstrual irregularities, and high blood pressure associated with Asian ginseng products, but these products' components were not analyzed, so effects may have been due to another herb or drug in the product.
• Asian ginseng may lower levels of blood sugar; this effect may be seen more in people with diabetes. Therefore, people with diabetes should use extra caution with Asian ginseng, especially if they are using medicines to lower blood sugar or taking other herbs, such as bitter melon and fenugreek, that are also thought to lower blood sugar.
• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources

• Ginseng, Asian (Panax ginseng). In: Coates P, Blackman M, Cragg G, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2005:265–277.
• Ginseng, Panax. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed on July 2, 2007.
• Ginseng. Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed on June 28, 2007.
• Ginseng root. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:170–177.
• National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Hepatitis C and Complementary and Alternative Medicine: 2003 Update. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Web site. Accessed on July 9, 2007.

Content and image source:
http://nccam.nih.gov/health/asianginseng/